Imperfect Subjunctive – Regular and Irregular Verbs
When to Use the Past (Imperfect) Subjunctive in Spanish?
The imperfect subjunctive is one of the easiest tenses in Spanish. It is the only simple past tense in the subjunctive mood.
How to Form the Imperfect Subjunctive
It is formed by taking the third person plural (ellos/ellas) form of the preterite indicative, dropping the final “-on”, and adding the endings:
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -an
Example with the verb comer (to eat):
Subject | Form |
---|---|
Yo | comiera |
Tú | comieras |
Él/Ella | comiera |
Nosotros | comiéramos* |
Ellos | comieran |
*Note the accent mark on the nosotros form.
These endings are the same for all three verb conjugations, both regular and irregular. Stem changes or irregularities found in the preterite ellos/ellas form carry over to the imperfect subjunctive forms.
Two Forms of the Imperfect Subjunctive
Spanish has two forms of the imperfect subjunctive. The second form (ending in -se) is more literary and less commonly used in conversation.
When Not to Use the “-se” Form
The “-se” form is not used with the verbs poder, querer, and deber. For example, you do not say:
- Yo pudiese (incorrect)
- Yo quisiese (incorrect)
- Yo debiese (incorrect)
Examples of Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect Subjunctive
Infinitive | Preterite ellos | Root | Imperfect Subjunctive (yo form) |
---|---|---|---|
Andar | anduvieron | anduvier | anduviera |
Estar | estuvieron | estuvier | estuviera |
Tener | tuvieron | tuvier | tuviera |
Poder | pudieron | pudier | pudiera |
Poner | pusieron | pusier | pusiera |
Saber | supieron | supier | supiera |
Hacer | hicieron | hicier | hiciera |
Venir | vinieron | vinier | viniera |
Decir | dijeron | dijer | dijera |
Ir | fueron | fuer | fuera |
Ser | fueron | fuer | fuera |
Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive
- Used in subordinate noun clauses when the main clause verb is in the imperfect, preterite, or conditional tense:
- Ella prefería que nosotros saliéramos.
- Prefirió que nosotros saliéramos.
- Ella preferiría que nosotros saliéramos.
- Used after impersonal expressions with main verbs in the imperfect, preterite, or conditional:
- Era necesario que tú estuvieras presente.
- Fue necesario que estuvieras presente.
- Used in relative clauses modifying an indefinite antecedent when the main verb is imperfect, preterite, or conditional:
- Roberto necesitaba una secretaria que hablara español.
- Juan necesitaría un médico que fuera especialista.
- To express a polite desire:
- Quisiera una cerveza.
Difference Between Present and Imperfect Subjunctive
The tense of the main clause verb determines which subjunctive form to use in the subordinate clause:
- If the main verb is in the present, present perfect, or command, use the present subjunctive.
- If the main verb is in the preterite, imperfect, or conditional, use the imperfect subjunctive.
Practice Exercises – Imperfect Subjunctive
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the imperfect subjunctive:
- Si yo __________ (tener) tiempo, viajaría a Nicaragua.
- Ella quería que nosotros __________ (estudiar) más para el examen.
- Era importante que tú __________ (venir) temprano a la reunión.
- Ojalá que él __________ (poder) asistir a la fiesta.
- Nosotros dudábamos que ellos __________ (decir) la verdad.
- Me gustaría que tú me __________ (ayudar) con la tarea.
- Ellos preferían que ella __________ (ser) la líder del grupo.
- Buscaba un libro que __________ (explicar) bien el subjuntivo.
- Si ella __________ (saber) la verdad, no estaría tan tranquila.
- Juan pidió que yo __________ (hacer) la presentación.
🟩 Click to Show Answers
- tuviera
- estudiáramos
- vinieras
- pudiera
- dijeran
- ayudara
- fuera
- explicara
- supiera
- hiciera
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